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Original Research

A Real-World Effectiveness Study Comparing a Priority Appointment, an Enhanced Contact Intervention, and a Psychotherapeutic Program Following Attempted Suicide

Gonzalo Martí­nez-Alés, MD, MSca,b,*; Ricardo Angora, MDc; Marí­a Luisa Barrigón, MD, PhDd; Eva Román-Mazuecos, MDa; Eduardo Jiménez-Sola, MDa; Lucí­a Villoria, MD, PhDd; Pilar Sánchez-Castro, MDa; Jorge López-Castromán, MD, PhDe; Isabel Casado, MDf; Teresa Pacheco, PhDf; Beatriz Rodrí­guez-Vega, MD, PhDa,b; Mercedes Naví­o, MD, PhDg; Marí­a Fe Bravo-Ortiz, MD, PhDa,b; and Enrique Baca-Garcí­a, MD, PhDb,d,h

Published: February 26, 2019

Article Abstract

Objective: To determine the comparative effectiveness of 3 real-practice preventive programs aimed at lowering the relapse risk following a suicide attempt: a single priority appointment with an outpatient psychiatrist, an enhanced contact intervention, and an individual psychotherapy program.

Methods: This observational study was conducted in a sample of 1,492 suicide attempters from 3 catchment areas in Madrid, Spain, between 2013 and 2017. Relapse was defined as an emergency department return after a new attempt within a 1-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival functions were obtained by intervention, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted risks of relapse by intervention. Sex- and age-stratified analyses were also conducted. Covariates were age, sex, history of suicide attempts, history of psychiatric disorders, main ICD-10 psychiatric diagnostic groups, medical comorbidities, and family support.

Results: A total of 133 subjects (8.9%) relapsed. The psychotherapy group had a lower presence of known risk factors for suicide attempt. Individual psychotherapy and enhanced contact were more effective than a single priority appointment at reducing suicide reattempt, with a 40% lower relapse risk in adjusted models. Results did not differ after sex and age stratification.

Conclusions: In a naturalistic clinical setting, patients exposed to individual psychotherapy or an enhanced contact intervention had a similar, lower relapse risk than the single priority appointment group.

Volume: 80

Quick Links: Depression (MDD) , Suicide

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