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Original Research

Six-Month Outcomes From a Randomized Trial Augmenting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With Exposure and Response Prevention or Risperidone in Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Edna B. Foa, PhD; Helen Blair Simpson, MD, PhD; David Rosenfield, PhD; Michael R. Liebowitz, MD; Shawn P. Cahill, PhD; Jonathan D. Huppert, PhD; James Bender Jr, PsyD; Carmen P. McLean, PhD; Michael J. Maher, PhD; Raphael Campeas, MD; Chang-Gyu Hahn, MD, PhD; Patricia Imms, RN; Anthony Pinto, PhD; Mark B. Powers, PhD; Carolyn I. Rodriguez, MD, PhD; Page E. Van Meter, PhD; Donna Vermes, PMHNP; and Monnica T. Williams, PhD

Published: April 22, 2015

Article Abstract

Objective: To compare outcomes after 6-month maintenance treatment of adults diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on DSM-IV criteria who responded to acute treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) augmented by exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) or risperidone.

Method: A randomized trial was conducted at 2 academic sites from January 2007 through December 2012. In the acute phase, 100 patients on therapeutic SRI dose with at least moderate OCD severity were randomized to 8 weeks of EX/RP, risperidone, or pill placebo. Responders entered the 6-month maintenance phase, continuing the augmentation strategy they received acutely (n = 30 EX/RP, n = 8 risperidone). Independent evaluations were conducted every month. The main outcome was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).

Results: Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, after 6-month maintenance treatment, EX/RP yielded OCD outcomes that were superior to risperidone (Y-BOCS = 10.95 vs 18.70; t40 = 2.76, P = .009); more patients randomized to EX/RP met response criteria (Y-BOCS decrease ≥ 25%: 70% vs 20%; P < .001) and achieved minimal symptoms (Y-BOCS ≤ 12: 50% vs 5%; P < .001). During maintenance, OCD severity decreased slightly in both conditions (Y-BOCS decrease = 2.2 points, P = .020). Lower Y-BOCS at entry to maintenance was associated with more improvement in both conditions (r38 = 0.57, P < .001).

Conclusions: OCD patients taking SRIs who responded to acute EX/RP or risperidone maintained their gains over 6-month maintenance. Because EX/RP patients improved more during acute treatment than risperidone-treated patients, and both maintained their gains during maintenance, EX/RP yielded superior outcomes 6 months later. The findings that 50% of patients randomized to EX/RP had minimal symptoms at 6-month maintenance, a rate double that of prior studies, suggests that EX/RP maintenance helps maximize long-term outcome.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00389493

Volume: 76

Quick Links: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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