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Original Research

Refining Prediction in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Results of Machine Learning Analyses in the TRD III Sample

Alexander Kautzky, MD; Markus Dold, MD, PhD; Lucie Bartova, MD; Marie Spies, MD; Thomas Vanicek, MD, PhD; Daniel Souery, MD, PhD; Stuart Montgomery, MD, Prof; Julien Mendlewicz, MD, PhD, Prof; Joseph Zohar, MD, Prof; Chiara Fabbri, MD, PhD; Alessandro Serretti, MD, PhD, Prof; Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, Prof; and Siegfried Kasper, MD, Prof

Published: December 5, 2017

Article Abstract

Objective: The study objective was to generate a prediction model for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) using machine learning featuring a large set of 47 clinical and sociodemographic predictors of treatment outcome.

Method: 552 Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-IV criteria were enrolled between 2011 and 2016. TRD was defined as failure to reach response to antidepressant treatment, characterized by a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score below 22 after at least 2 antidepressant trials of adequate length and dosage were administered. RandomForest (RF) was used for predicting treatment outcome phenotypes in a 10-fold cross-validation.

Results: The full model with 47 predictors yielded an accuracy of 75.0%. When the number of predictors was reduced to 15, accuracies between 67.6% and 71.0% were attained for different test sets. The most informative predictors of treatment outcome were baseline MADRS score for the current episode; impairment of family, social, and work life; the timespan between first and last depressive episode; severity; suicidal risk; age; body mass index; and the number of lifetime depressive episodes as well as lifetime duration of hospitalization.

Conclusions: With the application of the machine learning algorithm RF, an efficient prediction model with an accuracy of 75.0% for forecasting treatment outcome could be generated, thus surpassing the predictive capabilities of clinical evaluation. We also supply a simplified algorithm of 15 easily collected clinical and sociodemographic predictors that can be obtained within approximately 10 minutes, which reached an accuracy of 70.6%. Thus, we are confident that our model will be validated within other samples to advance an accurate prediction model fit for clinical usage in TRD.

Volume: 79

Quick Links: Psychiatry

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